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We study the design, short- and long-run implications of a major reform that sub¬stitutes the pay-as-you-go social security system and the personal income tax scheme, with a simplified age-dependent tax schedule, in the context of an emerging market. Our model features overlapping generations, rich heterogeneity among households and informal labor markets, where informality and unemployment are modeled as exclusion mechanisms

What can we learn about the transmission process of SARS-CoV2 from daily counts of confirmed cases and tests as the pandemic unfolds? In this paper we use classic econometric techniques to filter away stochastic innovations that occur in epidemiological surveillance data that are orthogonal to the infection process. We then compute the effective reproduction number Rt and the test positivity